Researchers have mapped the molecular structure of Bas63, a virus that infects E. coli bacteria, revealing surprising connections to viruses that predate multicellular life. The study, published in Science Advances, provides insights into the potential of bacteriophages as alternatives to antibiotics and highlights their deep evolutionary history.
The Rise of Phage Therapy
Bacteriophages—viruses that specifically target bacteria—are gaining attention as a solution to growing antibiotic resistance. Unlike broad-spectrum antibiotics, phages selectively kill target bacteria without harming human or animal cells. This precision makes them promising candidates for “phage therapy,” a treatment gaining traction for drug-resistant infections.
Unveiling the Structure of Bas63
Using cryo-electron microscopy, scientists at the University of Otago meticulously mapped the structure of Bas63, a member of the Felixounavirus genus. The virus, like all Caudoviricetes (the most abundant viruses on Earth), infects bacteria using a complex tail structure. The detailed blueprint of Bas63’s tail reveals how it functions during infection, a key step in optimizing phages for therapeutic use.
Ancient Viral Connections
The structural analysis revealed unexpected similarities between Bas63 and distantly related viruses. These connections suggest an ancient evolutionary link stretching back billions of years—to a time before multicellular life emerged. Researchers have long suspected structural studies of viruses can reveal distant relationships more effectively than DNA alone.
Beyond Medicine
The implications extend beyond medical applications. Bacteriophages can also combat biofilms in industrial settings (food processing, water systems) and protect agricultural crops from bacterial pathogens. The 3D data itself—showing the virus’ unique whisker-collar connections, hexamer proteins, and tail fibers—could inspire artists, animators, and educators.
Living Fossils
“When we look at bacteriophage structure, we are looking at living fossils, primordial ancient beings,” said Dr. James Hodgkinson-Bean, a lead researcher on the study. “There is something truly beautiful about that.” The findings underscore the importance of structural biology in understanding viral evolution and harnessing their potential for a range of applications.
Bacteriophages represent a powerful, naturally occurring solution to emerging threats in medicine, agriculture, and industry, with their ancient origins providing a unique window into the history of life on Earth
